Antidepressants: Treat depression and other mood disorders by affecting brain chemicals.

Antipsychotics: Manage symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations and delusions, in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Anxiolytics: Relieve anxiety symptoms like nervousness, restlessness, and worry.

Anticonvulsants: Control seizures arising from abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Analgesics: Relieve pain, with various mechanisms of action depending on the type (e.g., opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

These are drugs that affects the function of the heart and blood vessels.  

ACE inhibitors , Angiotensin-II antagonists, Beta-blockers , Calcium-channel blockers – Losartan,  Amlodipine, Valsartan, Atenolol, Carvedilol etc

Anti-arrhythmic medicines like Amiodarone, Propafenine, Quinidine, Flecainide etc

Anticoagulant medicines like Warfarin, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban etc     (Note: if it is not fitting the space, give ‘read more’ option)

Anti-platelet medicines like Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugel, Silostadol, Dipridamole.

Cholesterol-lowering medicines like Simvastatin, Atorvastatin and other statins

Diuretics (water pills) like Thiazide and Nitrates like Nitroglycerin(GTN), Isosorbide mononitrate(ISMN)

Antibiotics: Treat bacterial infections  by killing bacteria or stop their growth, medications include Levofloxacin, Tetracyclic, Amoxicillin etc

Antifungal: Treat fungal infections by killing fungus or stop their growth, medications include Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Clotrimazole.

Antivirals: Treat viral infections by killing fungus or stop their growth, medications include Tenofovir, Oseltamivir, Oseltamivir, Entecavir etc

Antacids: Neutralize stomach acid to treat heartburn and indigestion. Example: Pantoprazole, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole etc.

Antidiarrheal medications: Reduce diarrhoea symptoms.

Laxatives: Promote bowel movements to treat constipation. Example; Senna, Lactulose.

Insulin: Includes rapid acting insulins, long acting insulins and premixed insulins.

Biguanides: Metformin-which reduces glucose production in the liver and improve insulin sensitivity.

Sulfonylureas: These stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin. Example include glipizide and glyburide.

Thiazolidinediones(TZDs): These improve insulin sensitivity. Example include pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.

DPP-4 : These help increase insulin release and decrease glucagon level. Example include sitagliptin and saxogliptin.

SGLT-2 inhibitors: These help the kidneys remove glucose from the bloodstream. Example include dapagliflozin and canagloflozin.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist: These enhance insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release. Example include exenatide and liraglutide.

THYROID HORMONES: Replace or regulate thyroid hormone production for hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism: Levothyroxine(T4) is the synthetic form of thyroxine.

Hyperthyroidism: Methimazole, a medication which inhibits thyroid hormone synthasis.

Antihistamines: These relieve allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and hives.

Mast cell stabilizers: Prevent the release of inflammatory chemicals from mast cells, helpful in allergies

Anti-inflammatory medications are a class of drugs used to reduce inflammation, pain, and fever. They are commonly used to treat various conditions, such as arthritis, muscle pain, and other inflammatory disorders. There are two main types of anti-inflammatory medications:

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

These are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory medications. They work by inhibiting enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) involved in the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals in the body that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. Common NSAIDs include: ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen, naproxen, mefenamic acid.

Corticosteroids

These are synthetic drugs that closely resemble cortisol, a hormone that your body produces naturally. They work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. Examples include: Prednisone, Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone.

Respiratory diseases encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system. They can cause problems with breathing, oxygen transfer, and overall lung function. Here are some of the most common respiratory diseases:  Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Chronic Bronchitis,  Emphysema, Pulmonary Fibrosis,  Pulmonary Fibrosis, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis (TB),  Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection.

 Respiratory medications can be categorized based on their mechanism of action and the specific conditions they are meant to treat. Here are some of the main types of respiratory medications:

1. Bronchodilators: Bronchodilators are medications that open up (dilate) the airways in the lungs. They are commonly used to treat conditions like asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). There are two main types: Short-Acting Bronchodilators (SABAs) like Albuterol & Long-Acting Bronchodilators (LABAs) like Salmeterol.

2. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the airways and are effective in managing chronic respiratory conditions. They can be administered orally, via inhalation, or injected.

3. Leukotriene Modifiers: Leukotrienes are chemicals that can cause airway inflammation and constriction. Medications that block these substances can help in asthma management. Examples: Montelukast & Zafirlukast.

4. Anticholinergics: These medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, leading to bronchodilation. They are often used in the management of COPD.

6. Mucolytics: Mucolytics help to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough it up. They are often used in conditions like chronic bronchitis or cystic fibrosis. Examples: Acetylcysteine.

7. Expectorants: Expectorants help to promote the expulsion of mucus from the respiratory tract. Examples: Guaifenesin.

8. Antibiotics: Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, such as pneumonia or bacterial bronchitis.Examples: Amoxicillin, Azithromyc

Chemotherapy: These medications kill cancer cells or stop their growth. There are many different chemotherapy drugs, each with its own mechanism of action.

Targeted therapy: These drugs target specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer cell growth and survival. They are often more precise than chemotherapy and may have fewer side effects.

Immunotherapy: These medications help the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. There are several different types of immunotherapy drugs.

Hormonal therapy: These medications block the hormones that some cancers need to grow.